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2011年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語試題
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)
?、貯ncient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“a bodily exercise precious to health.”②But 1 some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness.③Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,3 heart rate and oxygen consumption.④But because hard laughter is difficult to 4,a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the way,say,walking or jogging does.
①6,instead of straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,laughter apparently accomplishes the 7.②Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter 8 muscles,decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.
?、賁uch bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of psychological stress.②Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10 feedback that improve an individual’s emotional state.③11 one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions.④It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 13 they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
?、貯lthough sadness also 14 tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses.②In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips,which would produce a（n）17 expression.③Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18 more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,19 that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.④20,the physical act of laughter could improve mood.（295 words）
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